Occupational Heat Exposure: Risks, Treatment, and Prevention

Written by Chikita Mann

Every year, dozens of workers suffer from heat exposure in the workplace, and tragically, some even lose their lives. Whether indoors or outdoors, during any season, hazardous heat can pose serious risks. It is crucial to understand the factors contributing to heat illness, recognize symptoms, and implement preventive measures.

What is Heat Illness?

As temperatures rise, a worker’s core body temperature may also increase. The body naturally responds by increasing heart rate and inducing sweating to regulate temperature. However, when these mechanisms fail to prevent excessive heat buildup, heat illness occurs. It’s essential to recognize and respond promptly to symptoms to prevent medical emergencies.

Types of Heat Illness

Heat illnesses span a spectrum, from minor heat cramps to life-threatening heat stroke. Early intervention reduces the risk of severe outcomes. Training workers to recognize symptoms and take immediate action is vital. Employers must prioritize worker safety by ensuring protection from hazardous heat.

Recognizing Heat Illness

Early intervention is critical. If you notice any of the following symptoms, act promptly:

Heat Stroke Warning Signs:

• Abnormal thinking or behavior

• Slurred speech

• Seizures

• Fainting

• Heavy sweating or hot, dry skin

Immediate Actions:

• Call 911 immediately.

• Cool the worker with water or ice.

• Move them to a cooler or shaded area.

• Stay with the worker until help arrives.

Other Heat Illness Symptoms:

• Headache or nausea

• Weakness or dizziness

• Elevated body temperature

• Thirst

• Decreased urine output

Recommended Actions:

• Provide cool water to drink.

• Remove unnecessary clothing.

• Relocate to a cooler area.

• Use water, ice, or a fan for cooling.

• Do not leave the affected person alone.

• Seek medical care if necessary.

Occupational Risk Factors

Both the work environment and specific tasks contribute to heat exposure risks:

Environmental Factors:

• Temperature and humidity levels

• Proximity to heat sources

• Direct sunlight exposure

Work-Related Factors:

• Length of time near heat sources

• Physical exertion

• Personal protective equipment (PPE) that affects heat dissipation

Prevention Strategies

A comprehensive heat stress program includes:

Risk Assessment:

• Evaluate workplace conditions and identify high-risk areas.

• Implement preventive measures based on risk levels.

Limit Heat Exposure:

• Schedule work during cooler hours.

• Rotate tasks to minimize continuous exposure.

• Provide rest breaks in shaded or air-conditioned areas.

Reduce Metabolic Heat Load:

• Adjust workloads during extreme heat.

• Encourage hydration and proper nutrition.

Acclimation:

• Gradually expose workers to heat to build tolerance.

Training:

• Educate workers on heat stress symptoms and emergency procedures.

Remember, preventing heat-related illnesses is everyone’s responsibility. By prioritizing safety, we can protect workers and create healthier workplaces.